जीडीपी (GDP) क्या है? | GDP full form in hindi | Uttam Jankari
Aapne news mein yeh suna hi hoga ki iss desh ki GDP yeh hai aur gdp mein yeh sector contribute kar rahe hai etc aaj aap GDP ka matlab ache se smaj jaige.
GDP kya hoti hai?
Darasal gdp kisi bhi country ki economy ko measure karne ka ek tarika hai. Jisse aap yeh pata laga sakte ho ki ek country ki growth kis speed se ho rahi hai. Kisi bhi country ki growth uski economy ko signify karti hai aur country mein kitna paisa hai aur jitni jyada gdp ho utna hi country ke liye acha hai.
India mein har 3 months baad GDP ki calculation kari jati hai aur news channels par bohut debate hoti hai isse related kyuki gdp country ke baare mein bohut kuch batati hai aur aam aadmi yeh baat asani se samaj nahi pata hai ki Gdp kya hai aur yeh kya bata raha hai.
GDP ki starting kaise aur kab hui?
Jaise ki uss time GDP jaisa koi system nahi tha toh uss time ki banking companies samne aye jismein the banks aur financial institutes shamil the inhone trust dulaya apni country ko ki woh economy ka dyan rakhege aur calculate karke country ke samne rakhege. Banks ne yeh kam aapne hatho mein liya but yeh bhi koi sahi tarika nahi tha aur ismein bohut sari problems bhi thi isliye yeh tarika jyada der tak acha nahi smaja gaya.
Phir phela GDP ka concept America mein laya gaya jo Simon kuznets leke aye the. Yeh ek American economist the yeh concept woh 1934 mein leke aye the. Isko American Congress mein bhi dikaya gaya tha.
Phir 1944 mein Bretton woods system ke baad economic growth ko measure karne ke liye...banks ne gdp ka use ko badaya diya aur tab se GDP samne aya.
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GDP ki full form kya hai?
GDP ki full form hoti hai "Gross Domestic Products" jisse hindi language mein "sakal gharelu utpadh" ke name se jana jata hai aur har 3 months mein isko recalculate kiya jata hai.Simple words mein pure year mein rk country apne jitne bhi sectors hai unke produced goods ki value add kari jati hai wahi GDP khelati hai.
Example ke liye- hamari country mein total 10 bags rice produce hua aur ham ek rice ke bag ke kiye 500 rupee de rahe hai toh hamare desh ki GDP 5000 hui aur ab aap maan lijiye ki 2 bori rice koi private company ne banaya 6 bori government company se aur 2 bori kisi individual ne produce kiya toh ham kiska include karege gdp mein toh iska answer ho ki hal sabko add karege yeh nahi dekhege ki kisne kya banaya bas jo bhi good india ki boundaries ke ander bana hai hamare liye toh woh include hoga.
Yeh toh simple chize hui but yeh sochiye hamare desh mein sirf rice ke bags hi nahi bante balki na jane kitni sari chize banti hai jaise ki cars, bikes, cements, toys, pencil, doors, laptops, phones, clothes, cake, food, wheats, pulses, oils, metals, steels, pipe, taps, aur kitni type ki services tak milti hai jaise ki teaching, selling, engeneer, doctors etc yeh sab add hote hai. Aur inko easy banane ke liye in sari activities ko 3 groups mein divide kar diya jata hai jisko sectors bolte hai.
GDP ke liye banaye gaye three main sectors:-
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| GDP ke liye banaye gaye three main sectors |
1) primary sector- Ismein agriculture se judi chize aati hai aur ya jo nature se judi hoti hai.
2) secondary sector- Ismein manufacturing se judi chize aati hai
3) tertiary sector- Ismein service se related chize aati hai.
Aur end mein inn tino sectors ne kitna produce kara unko sum up kar diya jata hai aur unko add karke jo sum aata hai usko GDP khete hai.
Aur yaad rakhe ham goods ki value aad karte hai naki unke numbers ki woh kitna produce hue hai. Example ke liye:- agar meine 1 car banai hai aur 10000 pencil toh gdp 10001 nahi ayegi yani unka number nahi ayega balki unki real value unki kimmat ko aad kiya jata hai toh yaha par agar 1 car ₹10 lakh ki hai aur 10000 pencil ₹5 ki toh total gdp ho jaigi ₹ 10 lakh 50 thousands rupee.
Aur ham sirf final products ki value ko add karte hai naki intermediate goods ki because final good ke ander intermediate goods ki value already include hoti hai warna aap ek hi product ko kai baar add kar lege aur phir uska koi use nahi hoga.
GDP ke types :-
GDP ke two types hote hai kyuki mehgai badti aur kam hoti rehti hai isliye.
1) Constant price gdp :- kyuki time ke sath-sath prices change hote hai toh Central Statistics Office (CSO) ek constant price gdp deta hai.
2) Currect price gdp :- Yeh gdp dusre basis par hoti hai jismein gdp ke utpadan mulye ke sath uss year ki mehgai ko bhi shamil karta hai.
GDP ko calculate karne ka formula
GDP = C + I + G + ( X - M )
- C = CONSUMPTION
- I = INVESTMENT
- G = GOVERMENT SPENDING
- X = EXPORT
- M = IMPORT
Top 5 countries ki list jinki GDP bohut achi hai:-
1) USA
1981 se hi USA gdp ke mamle mein first rehta hai aur 2018 mein uski gdp 20.58 trillion dollars ayi thi aur 2020 mein 22.32 trillion dollars thi.
2) China
1980 mein china 7th par tha but ab 2nd par hai. 2018 mein china ki gdp 13.37 trillion dollars thi.
3) Japan
Japan ki gdp 2019 mein 5.15 trillion dollars thi.
4) Germany
2019 mein Germany ki gdp 3.86 trillion thi.
5) India
2019 mein india ki gdp 2.94 trillion dollars thi.
Ab hame lagta hai aap GDP ke bare mein bohut kuch jaan gaye hoge aur aab aap kabhi bhi gdp word se confuse nahi hoge kyuki aap uske bare mein ab saari important details pata chal gai hai. Ham hope karte hai ki aapko sab kuch clear ho gaya hoga.
Aisi hi valuable aur important topics ke liye hamse jude rahe aur phir milte hai ek aur clear aur concise post ke sath.
